Australia’s Growing Biosecurity Battle 

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You will have heard in the news lately the rising concern about biosecurity, namely the issues of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). Both are significant exotic diseases and could have catastrophic to our Agricultural industry. LSD has never been detected in Australia, and FMD has not been detected in Australia for over 100 years.

So what are they?

LSD was detected in our neighbouring Indonesia in March of this year. This type of pox virus is primarily spread by insect vectors such as mosquitos, certain species of flies and possibly ticks. The disease only infects bovine species. LSD can also be spread in some cases, from animal to animal and via contaminated equipment.

What are the symptoms?

  • Fever
  • Depression
  • Watering eyes
  • Increased naval and salivary secretion
  • Swelling of limbs, brisket and genitals (may occur)
  • Characteristic skin nodules
    • Firm raised nodules developed on any part of the body, but predominantly on the head, neck, genitals and limbs.
    • In the centre of the nodules, scabs develop and leave large holes that are at risk of being infected.

It is important to know that some animals may be asymptomatic and not show signs that they are carrying the disease.

If an outbreak was to occur within Australia, there is currently no LSD vaccine approved for use in Australia. The eradication of LSD is difficult, and early detection is essential for successful control and eradication.

Why are we so worried about it?

  • Milk yield can be reduced
  • Abortion in pregnant animals could occur
  • Overall production could be affected

FMD is a highly contagious disease that affects all cloven-hoofed animals (animals with divided hooves). This includes cattle, sheep, goats, camelids, deer, and pigs.

If allowed to spread in Australia, the disease is predicted to cause an $80 billion hit to the economy over ten years.

Indonesia has been grappling with the spread of the disease, which was recently detected in Bali, a popular holiday travel destination for Australian travellers.

So, if FMD and LSD occur in loads of other places, then why are we so concerned about Bali?

This is a great question.. The reason is that this is an uncontrolled outbreak with active infection going on in an environment of animals that haven’t had the virus or been vaccinated for it. Being geographically so close to Indonesia is call for concern.

So how’s it spread?

  • FMD can be transmitted in air particles between animals housed closely together
  • Through contaminated feed and water
  • Animal transport vehicles
  • Equipment
  • Clothing and footwear

Not only should we be aware of the risks, but owners and the industry should be alert of the symptoms of FMD. Typical signs in animals are:

  • Blisters on the nose, tongue, lips, mouth, between the toes and around hooves
  • Fever
  • Extreme drooling
  • Loss of appetite and weight
  • Depression
  • Drop in milk production

What can we do as producers?

It is important to ensure that your biosecurity management plan is up-to-date, that you are adhering to all National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) traceability obligations, and that all documentation is correctly completed. This includes correctly transferring animals when they are moving onto or off your property, animals have required tags and identification, and LPA NVDs or eNVDs are completed accurately and correctly.

If you would like to know more about LSD and FMD, please check out the links below and find out what you can do to stop the spread.

Emergency Animal Disease Hub; FMD & LSD

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/livestock-biosecurity/emergency-animal-disease-hub-foot-and-mouth-and-lumpy-skin-diseases?fbclid=IwAR3Vydw1T8NJoserdEZ4qAItz3rBMPYeFvPqxje9WZcmQhHUA7LLLtI0ZZo

Biosecurity and Trade

https://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/lumpy-skin-disease

https://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/fmd?fbclid=IwAR3mesBofUIO_1IjQrN-uTpamH_e8MNNyp23ITPP4qWSmME0i9fM64PDo4A

https://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/export/controlled-goods/live-animals/livestock/australian-standards-livestock?fbclid=IwAR2ezkBUs-LyNjU5_4fghmf6kq9ZVFHnM33zTKG9MuXjtdtpq-vFRhQI8AA

General Information

https://www.mla.com.au/research-and-development/animal-health-welfare-and-biosecurity/foot-and-mouth-disease-fmd-and-lumpy-skin-disease-lsd/

https://cattlecouncil.com.au/fmd
https://sheepproducers.com.au/independent-chair/

FMD Prevention and Preparedness

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/livestock-biosecurity/foot-and-mouth-disease-recognise-and-report-signs?fbclid=IwAR1agAi-GqaLS6XwdmsU8vn1VktvkpZeu9lC2w4jR3Hlj9kmuvZRD3cUxSQ

https://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/fmd/review-foot-and-mouth-disease?fbclid=IwAR0zW6yR-8F2pNaXuXLBytdxuHVRSzLTcG844gxM4NsIfqB6Uo5piymQVc0

Livestock ownership, identification, and movement in WA

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/livestock-movement-identification/livestock-ownership-identification-and-movement-western-australia?fbclid=IwAR24inyRa21Tc4hPOBPe_oCEjaS904RVqhqDXBKKHNVTSRHfMPxCyulsioE

On-farm biosecurity

https://www.farmbiosecurity.com.au/biosecurity-basics-make-your-own-footbath/?fbclid=IwAR2mO-v-oGfxCXXLc-gF_05V-tXosinkw2aCdHvV4uKysqli8NYoHiu8q9k

https://www.integritysystems.com.au/on-farm-assurance/Biosecurity/?fbclid=IwAR1agAi-GqaLS6XwdmsU8vn1VktvkpZeu9lC2w4jR3Hlj9kmuvZRD3cUxSQ

https://www.mla.com.au/news-and-events/industry-news/fmd-lsd-four-ways-to-protect-your-livestock-and-livelihood/

Annabelle Garratt & Shannah Kanny – Regional Agriculture Landcare Facilitators

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In 2020-21 I talked about ‘raising the bar’. In 2021-22 we worked on setting the bar on fire. Over the last 12 months, the team at NACC NRM has not stopped.

The Sustainable Agriculture team has extended the program’s reach through collaborations with grower groups in the regions. Specifically, the Beyond Reasonable Drought project and Grower Group Alliance – South West WA Drought Innovation Hub – Geraldton Node project. The Beyond Reasonable Drought partnership with grower groups supported farmers across the region to improve the environmental sustainability of their agricultural production and drought resilience. The outcomes of this project have been consolidated through our successful Expression of Interest to the South West WA Drought Innovation Hub, with support from grower groups across the region, to host the Geraldton Node of the Hub. The program continues to focus on working with agricultural networks to share technical expertise and provide opportunities that will improve land management practices in agriculture across the region.

The conservation outcomes of ranger teams have expanded through work on several land tenures. Maintaining Heritage sites such as Willi Gulli, Racecourse Paddock and Buller River has long been a priority. During 2021-22, the teams have increasingly focused on threatened species and ecosystems.

To this end, Western Mulga rangers have improved management across 19,000 ha for the conservation of Malleefowl through firebreak and access management. They completed the maintenance of water holes and supported the monitoring of over 90 Malleefowl mounds.

Similarly, the Kwelena Mambakort Aboriginal Corporate ranger team have contributed positively to Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo populations by installing artificial hollows and habitat restoration.

All ranger teams have collected native seed, propagated native plants for restoration, and planted native vegetation in key locations across the NAR. Seed collection provides valuable industry experience and has facilitated the planting of over 100,000 seedlings during the year.   

In September 2021, the NACC NRM team delivered the WA Threatened Species Forum, held in tandem with the National Malleefowl Forum. Given the impact of COVID and the timing of this event, having more than 100 delegates from all over Australia was a significant achievement. The two Forums brought together 12 events over five days and featured 14 local artists, 25 businesses and 36 youth participants.

Following the successful relaunch of our updated NARvis, NACC NRM was invited to help lead a significant piece of strategic planning work for the region with Mid West Development Commission and the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. With funding from the Australian Government’s Future Drought Fund, the consortia delivered a Regional Drought Resilience Plan covering the shires of Northampton and Chapman Valley and the City of Greater Geraldton, along with significant technical analysis of drought vulnerability for the South West land division. The development of this plan also included extensive community consultation to ensure that local knowledge and technical advice guided the development of priorities for action.

This planning work links to existing NACC NRM on-ground projects, including Beyond Reasonable Drought and the Chapman Catchment Collaborative regeneration project.

It was a busy year for events with face-to-face events becoming commonplace again. During 2021-22 we hosted events in Gingin, Moora, Dalwallinu, Cervantes, Jurien Bay, Walkaway, Nabawa, Perenjori, Kalannie and Morawa. We supported events in Karakin, Thundellara, Perenjori, Paynes Find, Wubin, Cataby, Warradarge, Northampton, Yuna, Dalwallinu and Dandaragan.

We also supported on-ground works throughout the region, including at the following locations Yuna, Dalwallinu, Dandaragan, Merkanooka, Goodlands, Kalannie, Bunjil, Yardarino, Canna, Kondut, Latham, Kadathinni, Nabawa, Red Gully, Sandy Gully, Waddy Forrest, Devils Creek, Perenjori, Bowgada, Ellendale, Wandana, Namban, Hill River, Warradarge, Gillingarra, Regans Ford and Moonyanooka.

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While we have said farewell to some, we have welcomed many new faces across all programs, including our Administration team. We have also hosted a school-based trainee from Nagle Catholic College who has been working towards a Certificate II in Conservation and Ecosystem Management. This trial position has been very successful, and we look forward to making this opportunity available again in 2023.

During 2022 we have taken on new projects that align with our organisational and program objectives, and we have successfully completed some great initiatives that support continued conservation and sustainability outcomes. I want to thank the whole team who continue to go above and beyond for the organisation and each other proving their ongoing commitment to our purpose and our values.